Sigur í skaðabótamáli – Félagsþjónustan í Kópavogi fremur ólögmæta meingerð

By 20. maí, 2003Fréttir

Frettir Mánudaginn 19. maí var kveðinn upp dómur í skaðabótamáli sem Dofri Örn Guðlaugsson höfðaði gegn Kópavogsbæ. Héraðsdómur Reykjaness dæmdi Kópavogsbæ til þess að greiða Dofra 300.000 krónur í miskabætur og úrskurðaði að með því að gera kynhneigð að umræðuefni í starfsviðtali hefði félagsþjónusta bæjarins framið ólögmæta meingerð gegn persónu Dofra.

Málavextir hafa áður verið raktir í frétt hér á vefsíðunni ? 13. apríl 2002 ? en vorið 2002 sótti Dofri um tilsjónarstarf á samt tólf öðrum á sambýli fyrir unglingspilta í Kópavogi. Dofri hafði drjúga reynslu af því að vinna með unglingum og er auk þess með sérmenntun frá Danmörku í rekstri sambýla fyrir unglinga með félagsleg vandamál. Honum var boðið að koma í starfsviðtal hjá félagsmálastjóra Kópavogs ásamt tveimur öðrum umsækjendum. Við vitnaleiðslur fyrir dómi bar Dofri að hann hefði verið spurður að því í starfsviðtalinu hvort það væri rétt að hann væri samkynhneigður og játti hann því, en kvað allar tilraunir sínar til að beina umræðunni á faglegar brautir hafa reynst gagnslausar, viðtalið hefði eftir þetta ekki snúist um annað en kynhneigð hans. Þá bar annar umsækjandi, tvíkynhneigður karlmaður, svipaða sögu fyrir dómi. Aðspurður hafði hann svarað til um kynhneigð sína og sagst eiga kærasta og þar með hefði viðtalið farið út um þúfur. Þriðji umsækjandinn, sem boðið var í viðtal og lýsti sig gagnkynhneigðan, fékk síðan starfið.

Sérstakt úrræði vegna hagsmuna viðkomandi drengja og foreldra þeirra

Félagsmálastjórinn í Kópavogi, Aðalsteinn Sigfússon, lýsti því fyrir dómi að kynhneigð manna skipti ekki máli við ráðningu í störf hjá félagsþjónustunni bæjarfélagsins, en að í þessu tilviki hefði hins vegar verið um sérstakt úrræði að ræða, m.a. vegna þeirra unglingspilta sem ættu að búa á nefndu sambýli. Sökum þess hefði það skipt máli að fá upp á yfirborðið hver kynhneigð umsækjenda væri, enda væri starf umsjónarmannsins sérstaks eðlis og því eðlilegt að fá þetta atriði strax fram og að það mætti ræða á opinskáan hátt, bæði með tilliti til komandi samstarfs við félagsþjónustuna og vegna hagsmuna viðkomandi drengja og foreldra þeirra.

Í dómsorðum héraðsdóms segir að framangreind ummæli félagsmálastjórans feli í sér fordóma í garð samkynhneigðra, þ.e. að velja þurfti umsækjanda úr hópi þriggja manna sem líklegastur væri til að uppfylla hugmyndir Kópavogsbæjar um árekstralaust samstarf við unglingana, foreldra þeirra og félagsþjónustuna. Með því einu að spyrja umsækjendur um kynhneigð þeirra í starfsviðtölunum yrði vart ályktað á annan veg en að sjónarmið um kynhneigð hafi haft töluvert vægi við val á umsjónarmanni í umrædda stöðu. Sá umsækjandi sem varð fyrir valinu sé gagnkynhneigður og skipti spurning um kynhneigð hans því minna máli en í tilviki mannsins sem sé samkynhneigður.

Spurningin um kynhneigð þjónar ekki lögmætum tilgangi

Ályktunarorð dómsins eru þau að stefnandi, Dofri Örn Guðlaugsson, hafi ekki notið jafnrar stöðu á við þann sem fékk starfið og að með því hafi Kópavogsbær brotið gegn jafnræðisreglu 11. greinar stjórnsýslulaga. Þá segir í dóminum að spurningin um kynhneigð hafi ekki þjónað lögmætum tilgangi í starfsviðtalinu og verið til þess fallin að vekja með Dofra þá hugmynd að hann væri vegna kynhneigðar sinnar óæskilegri starfskraftur en ella. Og að með því einu að gera kynhneigð að umræðuefni í starfsviðtalinu hafi félagsþjónusta Kópavogs framið ólögmæta meingerð gegn persónu Dofra. Hann eigi því rétt til miskabóta.

Dómurinn markar söguleg tímamót

Með þessum dómi er brotið blað í mannréttindamálum lesbía og homma hér á landi. Í fyrsta sinn í réttarsögunni hefur tekist að höfða mál fyrir dómstólum þegar brotið hefur verið á rétti samkynhneigðra á vinnumarkaði. Og það sem meira er: Sigur hefur unnist. Dómurinn, sem kveðinn var upp 19. maí, gefur dýrmætt fordæmi, ekki bara í lögfræðilegum skilningi, heldur hefur hann mikið fordæmisgildi hvað varðar þá framkomu sem ber að sýna samkynhneigðum á vinnumarkaði.

Samtökin ´78 óska Dofra Erni og sækjanda, Huldu Rúriksdóttur, lögmanni, til hamingju með lyktir mála. Enn einn sigur hefur unnist í jafnréttisbaráttu okkar.

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  • The reason for this is that testosterone is a much less toxic anabolic, so it can be
    stacked to reinforce positive aspects with out making trenbolone’s unwanted aspect effects dramatically
    worse. Nonetheless, levels of cholesterol don’t typically rise to
    excessive ranges in girls, because of their natural testosterone manufacturing initially being lower than that of a
    man. Women can sometimes count on to burn roughly 2-2.5lbs of fat per
    week, in combination with going to the gym and dieting.
    Insulin is one other development hormone in the
    body and like cortisol, can cause the physique to retailer
    fat.
    It’s also an expensive androgen anyhow, so giant doses are going to burn even more of a hole in your pocket.
    For girls, it’s a totally different animal; it’s perfect due to its low anabolic and androgenic nature; it’s mild, not toxic, and doesn’t trigger much virilization. Doses are 10-20mg every day,
    but extra will cause a rise in muscle growth, but also side
    effects. Anavar also differs from other steroids when it comes to
    androgenic exercise. Steroids like Testosterone and Trenbolone carry a high androgenic rating, often resulting
    in side effects corresponding to zits, hair loss,
    elevated aggression, and different masculinizing traits.
    Anavar’s low androgenic index makes these side effects far less common and is especially
    useful for individuals sensitive to androgens, together
    with girls.
    One Other well-liked way of taking Anavar among bodybuilders is by
    taking 50mg of Anavar per day, alongside with testosterone propionate throughout 8 weeks, and Clomid can be utilized up to 11 weeks as part of PCT.
    Body-building-anabolics is an internet pharmacy that legitimately sells injectable testosterone.
    [newline]This is amongst the trusted sites to buy real steroids online and have the
    drugs shipped to either your personal home or workplace.
    Many people like to take Anavar by itself, while others prefer to stack
    it with testosterone for severe bulk and cutting.

    The drug far surpasses conventional testosterone
    within the physique, which makes it simpler to construct and
    hold onto muscle while getting lean. Anavar can produce some gentle androgenic
    results in men, and hair loss may be one of
    these issues for males who’ve a genetic predisposition to baldness.
    Fat loss remains to be prone to occur for girls (unless your food plan could be very calorie-heavy).

    Post-cycle bodybuilders can expertise a degree of muscle atrophy and decreased neurotransmitter ranges, which may cause
    dependence in some bodybuilders. A individual with a better
    physique fats might observe reduced results with this cycle, as although it would induce weight reduction, its
    diuretic results could be obscured by increased
    fat stores. Nonetheless, such reductions are gentle in contrast to different anabolic steroids.

    Deca Durabolin is a bulking steroid additionally capable of including notable amounts of muscle mass by
    enhancing protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in muscle fibers.
    Deca Durabolin additionally will increase muscle fullness by
    rising intracellular fluid quantity. Anadrol’s advantages largely mimic Dianabol’s, producing important increases in muscle hypertrophy and
    strength.
    Not stunning, these side effects have increased
    the number of people who rely on various supplements.
    You also can purchase injectable steroids on mega-steroids, this site is basically certain and
    the place you probably can typically get discount, so we recommend you to visit
    the site for more informations about that.
    Anavar might or may not be secure relying upon your discipline to follow its doses and cycle.
    The gastrointestinal lot retains the medicine, which arrives at its best serum focus in at least an hour of admission.
    However, it’s essential to use the suitable Anavar dosage and cycle to maximise its advantages and decrease the chance
    of side effects. Whereas these supplements are marketed
    as providing an “Anavar-like” boost to muscle growth and fat loss,
    their precise results are relatively delicate compared to real anabolic steroids.
    Like different anabolic steroids, Oxandrolone can suppress natural testosterone production during a cycle.

    We haven’t noticed Anvarol inflicting any unwanted effects, although it’s possible for people to experience minor reactions.
    The Anavar dose beneath displays a cautious dose utilized by our feminine patients.
    A higher dose of Anavar is more common amongst more skilled users, commencing at 10 mg per day.

    It should be noted that Anavar nonetheless expresses a level of toxicity on this area,
    so it’s still advisable to not utilize Anavar for
    an 8 – 10 week period at affordable dosages.
    Proper supplementation with good liver assist compounds can be always essential when using
    oral anabolic steroids, regardless of how gentle they might be claimed to be.
    This is as a end result of anabolic steroids also affect a woman’s hormones,
    with their endogenous testosterone levels declining.
    Consequently, a reduced dosage of anabolic steroids effectively replicates the identical degree
    of results in women as in males. In contrast to anabolic steroids, a woman’s
    dose of clenbuterol is usually much like a man’s. Anavar (oxandrolone) is a popular anabolic steroid used by many individuals
    for different reasons. While it’s usually praised for its muscle-building benefits, knowing how it works can help folks keep away from the risks involved with its use.

    All The Time inform your doctor about any medications or dietary supplements you’re taking to avoid harmful interactions.
    While it has respectable medical uses, oxandrolone
    is also generally abused for its muscle-building effects.
    Although Anavar bodybuilding properties may be spectacular,
    improper use can lead to serious well being dangers.

    References:

    corticosteroids side effects long term

  • Winstrol may help you seem fitter and leaner by selling fats loss and enhancing muscle definition and vascularity.

    Users of winstrol supposedly see a rise in power, velocity, and athleticism.
    When used together, Anavar and Masteron can produce a synergistic effect that
    enhances their particular person benefits. Anavar can help
    to increase the effectiveness of Masteron by bettering muscle hardness
    and vascularity, whereas Masteron may help to minimize back water
    retention and enhance overall muscle definition. In conclusion, the choice between Anavar and Anadrol is decided by your unique
    health aims, tolerance to side effects, and
    expertise with anabolic steroids.
    Or you can use a caffeine shampoo, which has confirmed to increase the lifespan of hair follicles in your scalp.
    None of them hold vital advantages over the others, so none of them
    are ‘better’. Nonetheless, as a bodybuilder, you may really feel the
    most effective results on Propionate or Enanthate/Cypionate.
    As i’m positive you’re aware there are tons of of different sorts of steroids out there except
    for Anavar.
    Nicely, after hours of analysis, discovered that Anavar works
    means higher in relation to fats loss. An necessary observe to remember is that Winstrol does not prevent you from dropping your muscular
    tissues while burning fats on the similar time. 10
    mg/day of Anavar, in cycles lasting 4–5 weeks, is unlikely to trigger any points
    with regard to masculinization (11). Thus, bodybuilders must be cautious of low-cost Anavar
    distributors whereas additionally testing the merchandise
    to see if the lively substance is oxandrolone.
    Thus, Anavar will trigger a notable increase in blood pressure when taking a reasonable dose.
    Nonetheless, it is value noting that the muscles won’t significantly deflate
    on Winstrol, regardless of a reduction in water volume, due to it concurrently including muscle hypertrophy (size) throughout a cycle.
    On the other hand, Masteron is a good selection for each bulking up and slicing down.
    These dietary supplements are produced from all-natural components and are designed
    to supply comparable benefits to anabolic steroids with out harmful side effects.

    It enhances pink blood cell manufacturing, delivering extra oxygen to your muscle tissue and enhancing
    endurance throughout intense exercises. Anadrole’s main ingredients include
    Tribulus Terrestris, soy protein isolate, whey protein concentrate,
    and shilajit. It is necessary to note that these are
    simply general pointers, and the precise dosage that’s best for you could additionally be different.
    It is always greatest to seek the assistance of with a professional healthcare
    skilled before starting any anabolic steroid cycle.

    During a trial, it was discovered that Anavar when dosed at 20mg/day and 40mg/day might result in a
    45% drop in testosterone levels in HIV sufferers.

    This is comparatively delicate if you compare it to different
    anabolic steroids that can lead to a severe crash or complete shutdown on HPTA
    (hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis). Having
    said that, it is necessary to remember that Winstrol
    or Anavar can not match up to bulking steroids similar to Dianabol or Anadrol when it comes to gaining muscle mass.
    Nonetheless, the outcomes nonetheless look fairly dramatic because of their
    muscle-building effects mixed with fat-burning properties.

    On the opposite aspect, Winstrol does nicely for fats loss and muscle features.

    The typical dosage range for Dianabol is 15-50mg
    per day, and cycle lengths usually final 4-6 weeks.
    Dianabol is understood for inflicting significant water retention, resulting in a fuller
    and extra bloated look. Dianabol is a controlled substance in many international locations, and its use and not using a
    prescription is against the law. It should solely be used beneath the supervision of a healthcare
    skilled. To start with, except for the harmful results of steroids on the human body
    – they have been banned in quite a few locations all through the world.

    If you are considering utilizing Anavar or Deca Durabolin,
    it’s essential to consult with a well being care provider first.

    They can present steerage on the correct use of these steroids, including the suitable dosages and durations of use.

    Winstrol outcomes are typically seen throughout the first few weeks of use.
    Nonetheless, for finest outcomes, it is strongly recommended that you simply use Winstrol for a minimal
    of two months. In addition to being legal, Winsol can additionally be a lot safer than Winstrol,
    with far fewer side effects. In this a part of the weblog publish, we’ll talk about Anavar and Winstrol’s side effects.

    Anavar also known as – Oxandrolone, was initially developed within the
    1960s to assist deal with muscle losing and different
    medical situations corresponding to osteoporosis,
    persistent infections, and burns. For those with a price range constraint of $100 and who’re willing to compromise health to attain peak bodily condition, Winstrol
    would possibly seem more enticing because of its
    affordability. Whereas Winstrol is understood for its potent outcomes, Anavar is
    generally regarded as a safer various relating to potential harm.

    And secondly winstrol could make your muscular tissues appear flat (the reverse to full).
    Due To This Fact, winstrol isn’t utilized throughout bulking
    cycles, however remains effective when bodybuilders wish to get shredded or are getting ready for a
    present. The stacks seen on this page aren’t the one compounds you probably can cycle with
    oxymetholone. There are different effective compounds, similar to Anavar, a regularly used
    slicing steroid, that could be mixed with Anadrol.

    Nevertheless, with it being oral and having milder results,
    it’s less generally utilized.
    It can be used during off-season phases when the objective is to construct as a lot muscle mass as attainable.
    Deca Durabolin works by growing the manufacturing of protein within the physique, which is critical for muscle
    development and repair. It also stimulates the growth of latest purple blood cells, that are necessary for oxygen delivery to the muscle tissue.
    Each Ostarine and Anavar are known for his or her
    potential to enhance muscle energy and lean muscle mass,
    but they have different mechanisms of action and potential dangers.

    However, its efficiency in constructing muscle mass is generally thought-about average compared to other anabolic steroids.

    Anavar, scientifically known as Oxandrolone, is one other synthetic anabolic steroid that first appeared in the Sixties.

    Initially developed to deal with muscle-wasting circumstances,
    Anavar soon discovered its means into the world of bodybuilding and sports
    because of its potent muscle-building and performance-enhancing
    properties. Anavar is extremely valued for its capacity to
    advertise lean muscle mass, increase energy, and enhance restoration.
    Anavar, additionally identified by its generic name Oxandrolone, emerged within the
    Nineteen Sixties as a therapeutic therapy for
    varied medical situations such as muscle losing diseases and osteoporosis.

    Including Anavar to Test CycleWhwn you add Anavar to
    a testosterone cycle, you will expertise serious positive aspects
    in energy, and fats loss. Due to Testosterone and Anavar inflicting DHT ranges to rise, you might expertise some thinning
    of the hair in your scalp. How a lot thinning will depend in your genetics and how
    delicate you might be to anabolic steroids. Nonetheless,
    Anavar just isn’t thought of an particularly potent bulking agent for male bodybuilders and it is far more popular as a slicing agent.

    Girls, however, can get substantial mass enhancement gains with Anavar.
    You might do this by measuring testorone levels,
    taking blood samples, etc.
    The period of a Winstrol plus Anavar cycle usually ranges from 6 to 8 weeks.
    It is important to follow a structured cycle and keep away from
    prolonged use to mitigate potential unwanted facet effects.
    Moreover, contemplate implementing a cycle support supplement to protect your liver and keep overall health throughout the cycle.
    With winstrol being a secondary steroid, many individuals consider that it’s not very efficient when taken by itself.
    Clenbuterol on the other hand can be taken by itself and nearly ensures significant fats loss.
    By supporting muscle preservation and probably aiding fat loss, B-AET can optimize
    general efficiency during cutting phases. Its diuretic effect eliminates water retention, delivering exhausting, defined muscle tissue.

    References:

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  • It is the apex of the never-ending quest to find and develop an anabolic steroid that might be thought
    of good. With this being mentioned, Anavar is probably the closest that science has come to creating what would be thought of the right anabolic steroid.
    Unlike many anabolic agents, Anavar has a relatively mild side effect profile, making it a viable
    possibility for each women and men. It minimizes the chance
    of common androgenic effects, such as extreme hair growth or voice deepening
    in ladies, while nonetheless delivering noticeable benefits in strength and physique composition. Over the years
    var has regularly been a staple for pre-competition bodybuilders and athletes where speed and lean muscle positive aspects are a priority.
    Its capacity to construct lean muscle with minimal sides
    is basically down to its high anabolic rating and low androgenicity.

    If unwanted effects turn out to be extreme or regarding, discontinue use
    instantly and consult a medical skilled. Proper
    analysis, precautions, and cycle planning are important for a safe Anavar use in bodybuilding.

    Pump and Vascularity One comparatively unique side impact of Anavar is increased vascularity and “pump” during workouts as a
    result of its ability to increase pink blood cell manufacturing.
    This can be each a desired aesthetic impact and a side impact to pay
    attention to. People should give consideration to ordering these merchandise from accredited suppliers or distributors.
    To enable for secure and authorized use of
    the product, people should ask for a prescription from their physician.
    To allow for protected use of the product beginner bodybuilders ought to request steerage from professionals concerning
    the recommended dosages.
    When , you will want to contemplate each the fee and quality
    of the product. Many clients rely on critiques to make knowledgeable purchasing choices, so it’s crucial to take the time to learn by way of feedback from different users.
    Harm to the liver can happen in doses from as little as 15mg
    per day and above. Working longer cycles exposes the liver
    to more damage over a chronic time period. Anavar or
    ‘var’, is another incredible oral steroid which has been available on the market since the mid to
    late ’60s.
    Many people who raise weights wish to construct muscle and burn fat at the similar time, however they often hear that
    it’s impossible. Such myths turn out to be a reality with a trenbolone/Winstrol cycle,
    the place a user’s waist dimension decreases and muscle measurement will increase simultaneously.
    Our sufferers have reported speedy fat loss whereas also constructing noticeable quantities of muscle and energy
    on trenbolone/Winstrol cycles. Promotes muscle development and fat loss,
    though it requires cautious monitoring as a result of
    potential side effects. Boosts lean muscle mass and strength without
    the chance of respiratory irritation. Such an angle is quite helpful because it helps potential steroid users
    don’t get ripped off.
    On the other hand, for slicing cycles, stacking Anavar with compounds like Winstrol or
    Clenbuterol might help protect lean muscle mass while promoting fats loss.
    These combinations can create a extra sculpted and vascular appearance, perfect for attaining
    a shredded physique. This would depend on your current food regimen, your aims,
    and the anabolic steroids taken. In our expertise,
    bulking steroid cycles are complemented by a small calorie surplus food regimen. Equally, we now have discovered that a small calorie deficit is perfect
    for maximum fat loss and muscle retention, which enhances slicing steroid cycles.

    Furthermore, the value of Anavar is high, so there could be extra financial acquire for these who formulate it.
    I took a break and pulled blood again, and my lipids
    had improved considerably. HCG is not really helpful
    for women as a PCT as a end result of it doubtlessly enlarging ovaries (26) and inflicting virilization (27).

    It is all the time finest to stay to a lower dose and use alongside one other compound for
    one of the best features. In the United States,
    the common retail worth for Oxandrolone is around $4-5 per 2.5mg pill from
    authorized pharmacies with a sound prescription. For a typical
    6-8 week cycle at 20-40mg per day, the entire value can range from $200-$800.
    No, Oxandrolone is a non-aromatizing anabolic steroid that doesn’t convert to estrogen. Due To This Fact, typical estrogen unwanted side
    effects like water retention and gyno are much less
    likely compared to aromatizing compounds. Customers usually report feeling an vitality increase, improved strength and
    endurance within the health club, and higher muscle pumps.
    However, unwanted aspect effects could include elevated aggression, insomnia, complications and loss
    of appetite.
    Thus, customers must be cautious of this effect and decrease their energy accordingly (as we see shoppers sometimes acquire weight again by consuming in a caloric surplus).
    When utilized in medicine to deal with intrauterine progress retardation, dosages of 1-3
    IU per day are usually administered. Nonetheless, we see many bodybuilders combine HGH with insulin during a cycle for extra
    anabolism as a result of its efficient shuttling of vitamins
    into the muscle cells. HGH has diabetogenic results associated to its metabolism of carbohydrates, causing blood
    sugar levels to rise and thus increasing the danger of type 2 diabetes.

    Anavar, also recognized by its generic name Oxandrolone, is a well-liked anabolic steroid
    that has gained recognition for its numerous advantages on the earth
    of health and bodybuilding. In this comprehensive
    guide, we are going to delve into numerous elements of Anavar,
    together with its availability, pricing, and the place to obtain it legally
    and safely. Prior to using Anavar, it is important to consult with a healthcare skilled or skilled health advisor who can provide
    steerage, monitor your health, and assist minimize potential dangers.
    Anavar’s probably the greatest steroids for preserving your
    pure testosterone levels as high as possible after a cycle.
    Nonetheless, Anavar nonetheless has the potential to scale back your male hormone production, even when it’s
    to a small degree. Alongside Anavar will you be taking any stimulants – caffeine or something stronger like clenbuterol?

    However, due to the Anabolic Steroids Management Act of 1990, Anavar
    turned illegal to purchase without a medical reason. Thus,
    common prescriptions for bodybuilders and athletes have been no
    longer issued. We have additionally noticed decreased muscle hypertrophy in patients utilizing finasteride.

    Thus, taking this treatment might counteract the anabolic results of Anavar, causing bodybuilders to
    be unsatisfied with their results. Finasteride (Propecia) is an FDA-approved treatment proven to be effective
    at blocking DHT ranges within the physique and lowering
    hair loss (19).
    You still want practice appropriately, eat proper and you additionally have to cycle on and off steroids correctly and do some critical monitoring along the
    way. Figuring out why you want to take Anavar ought to be one of the first steps you take.

    If you’ve never lifted a weight in your life before then is there
    any need?
    UGL HGH is typically formulated by somebody with zero medical experience or skills and
    synthesized in a non-certified lab (usually their very own home).

    UGL HGH is significantly cheaper; nonetheless, it poses more dangers as a outcome of hygiene issues or attainable contamination. With UGL products,
    there is also a chance of the product being diluted or counterfeited.

    References:

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