Í mars 2016 skiluðu Samtökin ’78, í samvinnu við Trans Ísland og Intersex Ísland, af sér skuggaskýrslu til reglubundinnar heildarendurskoðunar Sameinuðu þjóðanna (e. Universal Periodic Review, UPR). Sú skýrsla var tekin til formlegrar umfjöllunar dagana 31. október til 9. nóvember 2016 á 26. fundi starfshóps SÞ um reglubundna heildarendurskoðun. Leiddi það til fyrstu ráðlegginga til Íslands frá Sameinuðu þjóðunum um hinsegin málefni, sem íslenska sendinefndin samþykkti.
Alþjóðafulltrúi Samtakanna ’78 skrifaði svo eftirfarandi yfirlýsingu, sem verður lesin upp af fulltrúa frá ILGA á fundi Mannréttindaráðs Sameinuðu þjóðanna í dag. Við óskum Íslandi til hamingju með þessar fyrstu ráðleggingar og hvetjum stjórnvöld til dáða í viðbrögðum sínum við þeim.
34. fundur Mannréttindaráðs – 6. mál
Niðurstaða úr heildarendurskoðun til Íslands – Yfirlýsing ILGA
16. mars 2017
Þakka þér fyrir, hr. forseti.
Þessi yfirlýsing er skrifuð í samráði við Samtökin ’78, félag hinsegin fólks á Íslandi. Við fögnum fyrstu ráðleggingum reglubundnu heildarendurskoðunarinnar til Íslands á grundvelli kynhneigðar, kynvitundar, kyntjáningar og kyneinkenna (e. SOGIESC) og gleðjumst yfir því að Ísland hafi tekið við ráðleggingunum.
Við höfum hins vegar miklar áhyggjur af læknismeðferðum sem framkvæmdar eru á Íslandi á intersex börnum sem eru ófær um að veita samþykki fyrir „normgerandi“ breytingum á kyneinkennum þeirra. Þessi brot stríða gegn samningi Sameinuðu þjóðanna um réttindi barnsins, eins og staðfest er í ráðleggingum til annarra þjóða en Íslands sem framkvæma sams konar brot á börnum. Það er athyglisvert að nefnd Sameinuðu þjóðanna gegn pyntingum hefur ítrekað bent ýmsum þjóðum á að þessi brot feli í sér pyndingar og ómannúðlega og niðurlægjandi meðferð. Intersex fólk hefur auk þess takmarkað aðgengi að úrlausnarmeðferð vegna tíu ára fyrningar á tilkynningum um illa meðferð í heilbrigðisþjónustu.
Þótt almennt jafnrétti sé tilgreint í stjórnarskrá með vísan til „stöðu að öðru leyti“ eru engin lög á Íslandi sem banna mismunun á grundvelli kynhneigðar, kynvitundar, kyntjáningar eða kyneinkenna þegar kemur að atvinnu, húsnæði eða heilbrigðisþjónustu. Á öðrum sviðum nær íslensk jafnréttislöggjöf aðeins yfir kynhneigð og kynvitund.
Ennfremur myndi það stuðla að vernd viðkvæms samfélagshóps intersex fólks ef kyneinkennum væri bætt inn í bann við hatursorðræðu og hatursglæpum.
Útlendingastofnun býður starfsfólki sínu og túlkum enga þjálfun í málefnum sem varða kynhneigð og kynvitund, eins og skýrt er tekið fram í leiðbeiningum mannréttindastofnunar Sameinuðu þjóðanna um hælisumsóknir á grundvelli kynhneigðar eða kynvitundar, þótt stofnunin segist fara eftir þeim leiðbeiningum.
Við vonumst til að sjá Ísland ráðst í afdráttarlausar aðgerðir til að laga þessa þætti fyrir næstu reglubundnu heildarendurskoðun. Vonir standa til að svo verði, í ljósi sögunnar, end hefur Ísland unnið markvisst að því að vernda réttindi hinsegin fólks.
Kærar þakkir, hr. forseti.
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